Python globals(): Access Global Variables Dynamically

The globals() function returns a dictionary of all global variables in the current script. This is useful for modifying global variables dynamically, debugging, and handling variable scopes efficiently.

Example

x = 10
print(globals()["x"])  
# Output: 10

This retrieves the value of x dynamically from the global scope.

Syntax

globals()

• Returns → A dictionary of all global variables in the current script.

1. Modifying Global Variables Dynamically

You can update global variables using globals().

name = "Alice"
globals()["name"] = "Bob"

print(name)  
# Output: Bob

This allows changing global values without direct assignment.

2. Creating New Global Variables

Use globals() to add new variables dynamically.

globals()["age"] = 30
print(age)  
# Output: 30

Useful for storing dynamic values in scripts.

3. Using globals() Inside Functions

Modify global variables from inside a function.

count = 0

def update_count():
    globals()["count"] += 1

update_count()
print(count)  
# Output: 1

This helps when modifying global state inside functions.

4. Listing All Global Variables

Get a list of all variables in the global scope.

print(list(globals().keys()))

This is useful for debugging and inspecting variable names.

Key Notes

• ✔ Access or modify global variables dynamically.
• ✔ Can create new global variables at runtime.
• ✔ Useful in debugging and inspecting variable scopes.
• ✔ Avoid excessive use to maintain clean, readable code.

By using globals(), you can interact with global variables dynamically, making it a powerful tool for meta-programming and debugging. 🚀